As the establishment of the Jinggangshan Base Area and the "Red Closure" campaign unfolded, the ranks of the Red Army rapidly expanded and the necessity of unifying the garments from the aspects of operations and management became increasingly evident. March 1929, Changling Walled after World War I. The victory of the Red Army to liberate the western town of Changting City, Changting and the surrounding countryside. At that time, Changting had a population of about 20000 with rich resources and rich merchants. Handicrafts are located in urban and rural areas and have a good economic foundation. After the liberation of Changting, the Red Army had confiscated more than a dozen reactionary gentry properties and raised wages to businessmen above a thousand yuan in capital, raising a total of more than 50,000 yuan. "The provision of food is no longer a problem, and the morale is very encouraging." The former Red Army Army Party Committee decided to give each of the commanders four Koyo pay. At the same time, taking into account that the Red Army since its inception, "uniforms" a wide range of quite shabby, in urgent need of replacement. The former committee decided to use these pay and Changting good sewing, printing and dyeing conditions, rush to make 4000 sets of uniform. Changting secret union to assist the Red Army logistics supply department to buy cloth. At that time there was no gray cloth in the shop, and the logistics and supply department contacted Dyebuh Square to help the cloth be dyed gray. Then the scattered tailor workers and a tailor-factory specializing in military uniform were organized to form the Red Army Temporary clothing factory (later developed into the Soviet Union was clothing factory). Due to time constraints, the number of workers less, the machine is not enough, the temporary clothing factory was two shifts, each class 8 hours, overtime to catch up, when there are total more than twenty tailor master, sewing machine l2 Taiwan. Uniform style uniform with the Soviet Red Army uniform (Zhongshan style, there are two pockets) and Lenin worn the octagonal hat style sewn, and then in the military uniform collar stitched two red cloth collar, octagonal cap sewn five corners star. Because at this time coincides with the 5th anniversary of the death of Lenin, it is a memory of Lenin's great achievements. The Former Fourth Red Army decided to put 4,000 sets of gray military uniform on the red collar with black borders to mark the occasion. This is the only Red Shirt in the history of the Red Army. American writer Smedley wrote in Great Road: "When General Zhu remembered these sewing machines, he was even gratified." General Chu Teh said: "These machines are very important to us because Until then, all the clothes on my body were hand-stitched, but now we finally have the first regular Red Army uniforms, the colors of the new uniforms are gray, and each has a leg and a red cap "It is not as beautiful as a foreign military uniform, but for us it is really incomparable." "Red Army soldiers wearing new military uniforms, increased their morale and held a grand military parade in Nanzhai Square to tidy and mighty Military capacity, accept Mao Zedong, Zhu De, Chen Yi and other leaders review. Mao Tse-tung once made a speech, in which he said: Two red-collar badges on the red army uniform's neckline represent red flags on both sides. Chen Yi explained the color of his military uniform: "The gray-blue represents the sky, the ocean, the mountains of Indigo and the vast land." This is the first time the Red Army has unified clothing within the scope of a military. Changting rich in natural resources, a lot of cotton, and later the Red Army in Changting established the first Chinese weaving factory. The Red Army weaving factory, along with the Red Army, was supplied by garment factories with a large quantity of uniforms and military quilts for the Red Army and later the interim Central Government of the Chinese Soviet in Ruijin. Thirty years later, during the Hangzhou conference in June 1965, Mao Tse-tung saw Luo Rui-qing wearing a new military uniform and was taking notes seriously. He laughed and said: "The new uniforms of Luo's son are specially made." Luo Rui-ching laughed with embarrasses. Says: The chairman understood everything about me. Mao Zedong said with a smile: I remember that in 1929, Changting was laid and a large number of gray cloths were seized. Each of the Red Army troops made a set of gray military uniforms and the same five-star red cap (cap badge) as today. The eldest son heard in Longyan, specifically ran over to wear uniform. He Zizhen said to him, as long as you are dressed, I hit the report to send you two sets. Mao Tse-tung went on to say that Luo Chang-tzu had tried on the large uniforms and could not even put on it and try on the one set that I had on his body to steal my clothes! Mao Zedong's humorous words attracted Chen Yi to laugh. Chen Yi went on to say that Luo Changzi really tried on the chairman of the set, a try is still too small. Shortly after the Red Army was put on the new military uniform, various units in the Central Soviet Area successively put on such designs of military uniforms. After 1932, the military uniforms in the Red Army dress basically tended to be more or less in line. The coat is gray tunic; military cap is octagonal cap, cap badge is red cloth five-pointed star; military coat is legislation lapel, four with a cap buckle Ming pocket, neckline decorated with a red cloth collar; Suit trousers, leggings. However, due to the constraints of economic conditions, the uniform of the Red Army uniforms, although gradually uniform, fabric, color is not the same. The color of the Red Army clothing is mostly gray, but there are different colors. More typically, the Red Army Corps Red Seven division is a gray uniform, the Red Eight division is a blue uniform, and the Red Nine division is a blue uniform. In December 1931, the 26th Route Army of the Kuomintang uprising in Ningdu, later adapted for the Red Army. Central Military Commission general manager of the garment factory for its production of more than 100 flags and a number of winter wear. At this moment. The leaders of the uprising went to the Red Army Command and put forward the request to change the uniform to Lenin. After studying the Red Army General Command, they agreed to their request to change the uniform style of the Red Army into a pullover, a small lapel, two small pockets above and a tight-fitting sleeve of Lenin, requiring the garment factory to process it immediately. Preparing for the second year summer dress up. After painstaking efforts, when the Red Army attacked Zhangzhou in the spring of 1932, it achieved the plan of setting up two sets of Lenin equipment for each person in the army. This is an episode of the uniform of the Red Army, whether it is Zhongshan-style or Lenin-style. Not yet completely unified. The origins of the octagonal cap The octagonal cap and red five-star, is a symbol of the Red Army. There are many versions of the origins of the Red Star anise cap, of which at least four are widely circulated. The first argument, mentioned earlier, in March 1929, after the Red Army laid Changting. Killed 4,000 new uniforms, military uniform style following the Soviet Red Army uniforms (Zhongshan style, there are two pockets under) and Lenin wearing octagonal hat style. The second argument is designed by Yin Deming. Yin Deming, July 7, l909 was born in Chaling County, Hunan Tian Ma Futian village. Only half a year on study, 9 years old with his uncle to learn tailoring. 3 years after the master, with superior technology won the "Yin a cut," the name. In 1929, Yin Deming went to Jinggangshan with Mao Zedong and incorporated guerrillas of Tan Yubao (then commander of the Hunan-Jiangxi guerrillas). At that time the guerrillas did not have a uniform dress, wearing an "old hat" (ie, a student hat). In February 1930, Tan Yubao, Commander of the Hunan-Jiangxi Guerrillas at the time, held a special meeting on military capacity and sanitation. The main idea was how to make the ranks a "regular army" and hand over the task of making iconic uniforms to Yin Deming. Within three days, Yin Deming, inspired by the eight columns of the Workers 'and Peasants' Revolutionary Army and the local octagonal tower, quickly laid aside the first Red Army anise cap. Tan Yu-holding hat put it down, and even claimed: "great! Great!" Two months later, the county more than two thousand soldiers wear octagonal cap. Within a year, all the workers and peasants' revolutionary armies in China put on the octagonal cap he designed. The "Yin Yijie" praised by China for its participation in the Chinese Communists gloriously joined the Communist Party of China. Since then, Yin Deming has also served as the New Fourth Army military chiefs and garment factory director positions. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Yin Deming returned to his hometown with his wife and took an active part in production and construction. He was rated as a production pacemaker. "Fight countless battles, made so much power, but I always think that making the first octagonal cap and managing the garment factory is the most meaningful thing in my life," said Yin Deming proudly. The third argument is designed by Zhao Pin. In November 1931, after the founding of the Chinese Soviet Republic, the Red Army was established in Reduchin. In early 1932, Liu Bocheng transferred to the red school principal. When he took office, he saw that when the trainers drawn from the various units were dressed in various kinds and the lines were irregular at the time of the operation or assembly, Zhao Pin-san, the director of the school club, said: "The students are so dressy that they have now established their own country. , You can conditionally produce a uniform uniforms, and I heard you versatile, or a craftsman, you are responsible for the design of a school uniform it! "Zhao Pin three command, after careful study, I think the Soviet Union Red Army uniform is better, clothes Hedging tight mouth. Well hat, consider Buzanne-style military cap is not suitable for China's southern climate, the other military caps are mostly white army, inconvenience reference. Some students wear that big octagonal cap type is too large, suitable for Chinese people's body and face. He considered thinking about it and drew many sketch maps of it. He thought that he should still adopt the octagonal style to show that the Red Army is armed by the workers and peasants. However, the hat will be greatly reduced, changed into a small octagonal, so looks like the Chinese figure and face with more. He also brought to Yang Zaicheng responsible for general affairs to mention, Yang Zhisheng read the sketch also agree with this small octagonal. As a result, Yang Zhicheng bought fabric, Zhao Pin Trimming shape. Zhao Zhaosan hat by handmade their own hand, the top decorated with a red five-star. Clothing is called a tailor according to the same production, after the withdrawal of Zhao Pin 3 sew two red collar collar, which is also a reference to the style of the Soviet Red Army. After the clothes were made, students were asked to try on them. After wearing, they felt it was inconvenient to hedge and not suitable for the climate in southern China, so they changed to a cardigan. Do a few sets so that students put on please Liu Bocheng principals to validate. After Liu Bocheng was very satisfied, he immediately instructed Yang Zhicheng to do the same for all school teachers and students. The new school uniform of the Red Army students was uniform and majestic, and soon attracted the attention of the head of the headquarters and the various units. So the Central Soviet Area units have followed the Red Army's school, put on the same standard small octagonal cap new uniform. The fourth argument, the Red Army's cap is Feng Yuxiang hat. Feng Yuxiang broke out in the Central Plains war broke out in 1930, his department was incorporated by Chiang Kai-shek. Feng Yuxiang forced to go abroad "study." Prior to his departure, he quietly put hundreds of thousands of uniforms that he originally intended to reorganize all donated to the Red Army. Since then, the Red Army has its own military uniform, which is the Red Army uniforms marked by the octagonal cap. So many kinds of claims, in the end to which one? To be sure, octagonal cap Lenin did wear. Feng Yuxiang's National Army also worn, which can be seen from the photos. Therefore, seeking truth from facts, the octagonal cap is not the Red Army first, should be borrowed or imitation; not exactly which one is designed. In 1929 the Red Army's octagonal cap and l930 Diandian's official search and maintenance are very rough, in 1931 Zhao Pin San octagonal cap is a small octagonal cap. But in any case, the gray octagonal cap has become a special mark of the Red Army. It is said that once the Red Army hit the White Army an ambush. When it was dark, the Red Army scattered all over the ditch and captured the prisoners on the slopes, mixing with the enemy. Dark, can not see people, how to capture prisoners? The only identifiable symbol, is the enemy's military cap and the Red Army's different: the enemy's cap hat short and hard, the Red Army octagonal hat cap long, soft cloth to do The brim also supported a piece of flank. Therefore, when the Red Army soldiers encountered people, they usually held their arms and held each other's guns.